Abstract: The Second Law of Thermodynamics and Darwinian Evolution are founded on arguments of identical form, the employment of which is sufficient for drawing conclusions as to the gross behaviour of diverse physical systems. These arguments are a part of the description of any system which may be called deterministic; chaotic systems, in contrast, are unpredictable precisely because they cannot be thus treated. The chaotic behaviour of the general n‐body problem, and the non‐classical features of Quantum Mechanics, follow from the impossibility of fulfilling the prerequisites of determinism in the presence of ‘sub‐problems’, and at the level of elementary particles, respectively. Document ID — urn:uuid:802e61fc-62a4-4aa2-be2c-d2b1289deed5